Cell Structure and Function
(bold and italics mean plant cells only)
I. Cells
A. Cell Wall- (trash can)- rigid layer of non-living material- surrounds the cell in a plant cell
1. made of cellulose (rubbery/tough, like celery)
2. animal cells don’t have cell walls
B. Cell Membranes- (trash bag) Protects the cell
1. all cells have cell membranes
2. controls what comes in and goes out
C. Nucleus- (brain) controls and directs the cell’s activities.
1. nuclear membrane- surrounds the nucleus
a. protects the nucleus
b. allows materials to pass in/out of the nucleus
2. Chromatin- inside the nucleus
a. contains genetic material
3. Nucleolus- where ribosomes are made
II. Organelles in Cytoplasm
A. Mitochondria- “powerhouse” produces most of the cells’ energy
B. Endoplasmic Reticulation- (Complicated name! Like a maze!) Maze-like passageways.
1. carry proteins and other materials to other parts of the cell
C. Ribosomes- (MMMM! Ribs! Protein!) Produce Proteins
a. release proteins through cell wall of Endoplasmic Reticulum–proteins go to……
D. Golgi Bodies- (post office) receives, packages, and distributes proteins to other parts of the cell
E. Chloroplasts- (plants’ kitchen) where plants food is made
1. sunlight + CO2 + water—->energy (glucose)….. O is released
2. Chlorophyl in the chloroplast is pigment that makes the plant green
F. Vacuoles- Storage area of the cell
1. stores food, h2o, waste, other material
2. some animals have them, most plant cells have 1 big one
G. Lysosomes- (think lysol) clean-up crew
1. break down large food particles and old cell parts with chemicals
III. Bacterial Cells
A. Much smaller
B. No nucleus
C. Has a cell wall, cell membrane, and ribosomes….. no other organelles